Date of Completion

5-2019

Degree Type

Honors Thesis

Discipline

Political Science (POLS)

First Advisor

Gene Park

Abstract

Over the last three decades, Medellín, Colombia has undergone a profound urban transformation, evolving from being labeled the “murder capital of the world” to earning global recognition as one of the most innovative cities. This transformation is largely attributed to the Medellín Urban Development Model (MUDM), which integrates social urbanism with strategic public transportation investments to promote human and sustainable development. This research examines the core elements of Medellín’s innovative development process, asking what makes the model successful and whether it can be replicated in other urban contexts.

Central to Medellín’s transformation is the creation of a multidimensional, integrated public transportation system known as the Sistema Integrado de Transporte del Valle de Aburrá (SITVA). This system includes metro rail, aerial cable cars (metro-cables), a modern metro-tram, public buses, and a free public bicycle program (Encicla). These transportation technologies were intentionally deployed in historically marginalized, low-income, and geographically isolated communities, aiming to enhance mobility, social inclusion, economic opportunity, and environmental sustainability. Using a mixed-methods research design, this study combines qualitative interviews with elite actors from government, academia, and the private sector, quantitative surveys of residents in Comunas 8, 9, and 10, and field observations conducted in Medellín. The analysis evaluates the economic, social, environmental, and cultural impacts of expanded public transportation access, with a particular focus on human development outcomes such as increased freedoms, improved quality of life, and greater access to employment, education, and public services.

The findings demonstrate that Medellín’s transportation-centered social urbanism has generated significant positive spillover effects. These include increased community cohesion, improved perceptions of safety, environmental benefits from reduced reliance on private vehicles, and enhanced economic participation among previously excluded populations. The study concludes that Medellín’s integrated public transportation model serves as a powerful vehicle for sustainable and human-centered urban development. While contextual factors must be considered, the Medellín experience offers valuable policy lessons for cities worldwide seeking inclusive, resilient, and equitable urban growth.

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